Sure it does, but the amount of fuel in the tank in your car is irrelevant. That's the point. Either your fuel filter catches it or it does not. Sediment will sink to the bottom of the tank where the fuel comes out (e.g., after the car is sitting still for hours or days), so the amount of gas in the tank is irrelevant.
In the olden days of non-sealed tanks, there was an issue of condensation, especially in cold weather countries. You didn't want all the condensation to mix with a very small amount of fuel (water in the fuel), so in the winter it was a bad idea to let the tank go below half or a third. That issue has not existed for many years.