From the First link: "Cold air intakes (CAI) look to increase power by moving the location which the engine pulls in air from inside the engine bay, to outside the engine bay. Many vehicles do this already, so you can see why it may seem a bit silly to shell out some money on this upgrade."
Says nothing about the filters must placed at the beginning of the air flow from outside the engine compartment. In fact it even says many vehicles already do this....which the Stinger technically does stock.
From your second link, since you didn't continue the copy/paste "The filters are usually moved to the upper wheel well area or near a fender where there is more access to free-flowing, cooler air and less hot air from the engine. Since hot air from the engine will rise, the
lower placement also captures the coolest, densest air possible."
I have yet to see a car where the upper wheel well area is outside of the engine compartment, so from this example, the K&N, AEM etc are considered cold air intakes.
As for the third link, it's kinda conflicting, but in the case of the cold air intake description, it never says the filters must be placed outside the engine compartment to be considered a cold air intake. But from that page, it sounded more like in the
Ram air intake is what you're speaking of but it also never mentions the filter must be the very first thing in the air stream